Pengaruh Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Non-Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Struktur Modal pada Perbankan di ASEAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33753/madani.v9i1.583Keywords:
Board of Directors, Audit Committee, NPL, Capital Structure, ASEANAbstract
This study examines the relationship of board size, audit committee size, and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) with capital structure, proxied by the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), among 15 government-owned banks in five ASEAN countries over 2020–2024. The study uses a quantitative associative design and panel data comprising 75 observations. Data were collected from banks’ annual reports and financial statements and analyzed using the Random Effect Model (REM) in EViews 13 at a 5% significance level. Based on the estimates reported in the study data, board size and audit committee size are not significantly related to DAR. NPL has a negative and significant relationship with DAR, with a coefficient of ?0.353723 and a probability value of 0.0001. The simultaneous test is reported as significant, with a probability value of 0.000336, while the Adjusted R-squared is 19.62%. These findings suggest that the number of governance committee members alone does not explain capital structure, whereas credit risk is statistically associated with DAR. The results should be interpreted cautiously because the model does not include the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), bank size, or year effects as control variables.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menguji hubungan jumlah Dewan Direksi, jumlah Komite Audit, dan Non-Performing Loan (NPL) dengan struktur modal yang diproksikan menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) pada 15 bank pemerintah di lima negara ASEAN selama 2020–2024. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan asosiatif dan data panel sebanyak 75 observasi. Data diperoleh dari laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan bank, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Random Effect Model (REM) melalui EViews 13 pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi yang tercantum dalam data penelitian, jumlah Dewan Direksi dan Komite Audit tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan DAR. NPL menunjukkan hubungan negatif dan signifikan dengan DAR, dengan koefisien ?0,353723 dan probabilitas 0,0001. Uji simultan dilaporkan signifikan dengan probabilitas 0,000336, sedangkan Adjusted R-squared sebesar 19,62%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anggota organ tata kelola tidak dengan sendirinya menjelaskan struktur modal yang diproksikan dengan DAR berbasis aset, sementara risiko kredit memiliki hubungan statistik dengan DAR. Hasil perlu ditafsirkan secara hati-hati karena model belum memasukkan CAR, ukuran bank, dan efek tahun sebagai variabel kontrol.
Kata Kunci: Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, NPL, Struktur Modal, ASEAN
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